红白电子墨水微胶囊的制备

用复合凝聚法制备了包覆红白电泳显示液的明胶-羧甲基纤维素（CMC）电子墨水微胶囊。 考察了壁材用量、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）用量、反应温度、搅拌速度对微胶囊粒径的分布及其形貌的影响。实验结果表明,在明胶与羧甲基纤维素的体积比为5∶1,SDS用量为1.3 ～1.7g/L,反应温度为40℃,搅拌速度为600～800r/min,pH值为3.5～3.8的条件下可以制得具有透明囊壁且粒度分布较均匀的微胶囊。微胶囊中的粒子在直流电场作用下发生移动,响应时间为14s.     

微乳中甲烷水合物的生成反应

以辛烷、十二烷或十六烷为油相,非离子表面活性剂Tween80和Span80按1:1质量比复配的复合型表面活性剂为乳化剂,PEG-400为助乳化剂制备高分散的油包水型(W/O)微乳,并在其静态体系中生成甲烷水合物,把它和纯水体系以及表面活性剂体系(含等量的乳化剂)进行了对比.结果表明:在微乳中甲烷水合物的诱导时间缩短,生成速率和耗气量明显增加,生成的水合物成粒状,含水率低.另外,选择油相时应选取不生成水合物,在水中溶解度小而且对甲烷溶解度尽量大的有机溶剂,并对微乳液中甲烷水合物的生成机理进行了探讨.     

Effect of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant on ryegrass uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene from water

The effect of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant (SDBS-TX100) on the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass in a hydroponic system was studied, and the influence factors including the com-positions and concentrations of mixed surfactants and the compounds properties were also discussed. The results showed that SDBS-TX100 mixtures with certain compositions and concentrations could enhance the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass, which could be attributed to the im-proved uptake capacity of ryegrass roots for phenanthrene and pyrene. SDBS-TX100 can enhance the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass in a wider range of surfactant concentrations (0―0.8 mmol/L) in comparison with corresponding single surfactants, and the maximal contents of phenan-threne and pyrene in ryegrass roots were obtained with the concentrations of SDBS-TX100 around the corresponding critical micelle concentrations. The uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass increased with the increasing mole fraction of SDBS in mixed surfactant solutions, and SDBS-TX100 mixture with a mole ratio of SDBS to TX100 at 9:1 had the greatest capacity in enhancing the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene, at which the corresponding maximal concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in ryegrass roots were 216 and 8.16 times those without surfactants, respectively. Results from this study indicate that the anionic-nonionic mixed surfactants (SDBS-TX100) would be a preferred selection for the application of surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation technology to contaminated soils.     

双子表面活性剂16—0—16对催化动力学分光光度法测铜离子的增敏作用

考察了在磷酸介质,95℃恒温水浴中,双子表面活性剂16—0—16和3种普通表面活性剂对催化动力学分光光度法测定铜（Ⅱ）的增敏作用,考察了表面活性剂及其用量、干扰离子对吸光度的影响等,建立了在双子表面活性剂16—0—16存在下测定痕量铜的新方法,铜（Ⅱ）浓度的线性范围为0—40μg·L^-1,检出限为0．895μg／L,最大吸收波长为590nm．用该方法测出市售板蓝根中铜（Ⅱ）的含量为1．3258mg／g,加标回收率为94．79％-97．95％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．41％．     

阴离子表面活性剂改性蒙脱土及其表征

采用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为插层剂,钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)为原料,用正交实验法,对Na-MMT改性过程中反应体系的温度、pH值、固液比、改性剂用量等工艺条件进行了研究.有机蒙脱土(OMMT)用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和热失重分析(TGA)表征.结果显示,蒙脱土层间距由1.5691 nm 扩大至3.5766 nm,SDS有效插入膨润土层间,OMMT在不同有机溶剂的分散性能良好.     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Its Morphological Control

Silver nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared in AgNO3 aqueous solution using nanocarbon as template medium and polymer surfactant as protecting agent in an ultrasonic field. The polymer surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP) was self-prepared and used directly in aqueous solution form. The molecular weight of PVP was measured by viscosimeter. The crystalline phase,component, size, and morphology of the as-synthesized silver naoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM,FTIR, and Laser Granularity Instrument. The results indicated that ultrasonic was the key factor to deoxidize Ag+to be Ag°nanocarbon and polymer surfactants accelerated the deoxidization reaction course and controlled the agglomeration of freshly formed silver nanoparticles, the category of polymer surfactant had decisive effect on the morphology of as-synthesized nanoparticle. Well-defined dendrites silver nanoparticle could be attained when choosing PVP as surfactant in AgNO3 aqueous solution,while regular sphere silver nanoparticle could be synthesized in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant.Moreover, the concentration of AgNO3 and ultrasonic action time also had obvious effect on the morphology of silver nanoparticle, low concentration of AgNO3 and long time of ultrasonic were not in favor of forming dendrite silver.     

月桂酰二乙醇胺的合成及性能研究

烷醇酰胺类表面活性剂是非离子表面活性剂中重要的品种之一.用均匀试验设计法,考察了月桂酰二乙醇胺的改进一步法合成条件,并对产物作结构分析和发泡性能测定.结果表明,月桂酰二乙醇胺的最优合成条件为n(月桂酸)∶n(二乙醇胺)=1∶2.2,反应温度159℃,反应时间3.2 h,泡沫高度为183.3 mm.     

微乳液萃取镓的研究

研究了两种不同类型的微乳液萃取镓的热力学。微乳液的组成分别为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵／正丁醇／正庚烷／HCl(溶液)和油酸钠／正戊醇／正庚烷／HCl(溶液)。对比两种不同表面活性剂组成的微乳液,分别考察了萃取时间、水油比、盐酸浓度和萃取剂含量等因素对萃取的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件,同时探讨了表面活性剂的性质对萃取的影响。结果表明,微乳液萃取镓的速率快,萃取率高达98％,而不同种类表面活性剂会对萃取产生很大影响;该微乳液被证明是一种非常优秀的萃取介质。     

表面活性剂溶液封堵瓦斯实验研究

利用界面化学观点,通过理论分析和实验研究,深入探讨了表面活性剂溶液封堵瓦斯的机理;根据表面活性剂性能和选择原则,优选了表面活性剂及其复配药剂,实验确定了最佳使用浓度,分析了使用效果,为开创煤矿瓦斯治理的新途径提供了理论支持。     

应用表面活性剂进行低渗透砂岩铀矿床地浸采铀的实验研究

低渗透砂岩铀矿床的地浸开采是目前的一个技术难题.以新疆某铀矿为对象,利用搅拌浸出和柱浸实验研究了表面活性剂在低渗透铀矿地浸开采中的应用.实验中采用10 g/LH2SO4溶液作溶浸剂,并加入不同量的表面活性剂P.搅拌浸出实验结果表明,溶浸液中加入不同浓度的表面活性剂均可提高铀浸出率,在表面活性剂P的浓度为10 mg/L时其铀浸出率最高,达到92.6%.柱浸实验表明,加入10 mg/L表面活性剂P时矿石渗透系数可提高28.8%,铀的浸出率可提高32%而达到85.79%.表面活性剂降低溶浸液的表面张力,促进了铀的溶解和提高铀浸出率.低渗透砂岩铀矿床可以在溶浸液中加入适当的表面活性剂进行地浸开采.